{"id":1225,"date":"2020-10-29T16:44:55","date_gmt":"2020-10-29T15:44:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/key-definitions\/"},"modified":"2023-03-01T09:42:39","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T08:42:39","slug":"elements-cles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/fr\/ressources\/elements-cles\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9lements cl\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1225\" class=\"elementor elementor-1225 elementor-200\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50e9826 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"50e9826\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfb3757 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfb3757\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">Politiques publiques pour le droits de d\u00e9fendre les droits humains: \u00e9l\u00e9ments cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4142bee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4142bee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;e8a1766&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d55af1c\" data-id=\"d55af1c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7949e11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7949e11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<strong><em>\u00ab\u00a0Chacun a le<\/em> <\/strong><em><strong>droit, individuellement ou en association avec d\u2019autres, de promouvoir la protection et la r\u00e9alisation des droits de l\u2019homme et des libert\u00e9s fondamentales aux niveaux national et international. \u00bb<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/Issues\/Defenders\/Declaration\/declaration_fr.pdf\">D\u00e9claration sur le droit et la responsabilit\u00e9 des individus, groupes et organes de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de promouvoir et prot\u00e9ger les droits de l\u2019homme et les libert\u00e9s fondamentales universellement reconnus<\/a>, 8 mars 1999<br \/><\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfc8ae2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bfc8ae2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">QUI SONT LES D\u00c9FENSEUR\u00b7E\u00b7S DES DROITS HUMAINS ? <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8727c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8727c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>R\u00e9solution de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019ONU, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/Issues\/Defenders\/Declaration\/declaration_fr.pdf\">D\u00e9claration sur le droit et la responsabilit\u00e9 des individus, groupes et organes de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de promouvoir et prot\u00e9ger les droits de l\u2019homme et les libert\u00e9s fondamentales universellement reconnus<\/a>, 8 mars 1999<\/p><p>Les d\u00e9fenseur\u00b7e\u00b7s des droits humains (DDH) sont des personnes ou des groupes qui, individuellement ou avec d\u2019autres, r\u00e9alisent des activit\u00e9s pacifiques de d\u00e9fense des droits humains. Les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains sont identifi\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s par-dessus tout \u00e0 travers ce qu\u2019elles\u00b7ils font (exercer leur droit de d\u00e9fendre les droits), quelle que soit leur profession, genre, \u00ab\u00a0race\u00a0\u00bb, religion, origine ethnique ou affiliation \u00e0 des groupes.<\/p><p>Les d\u00e9fenseur\u00b7e\u00b7s sont parfois appel\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s \u00ab\u00a0activistes des droits humains\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0travailleur\u00b7se\u00b7s des droits humains\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0leaders de la justice sociale\u00a0\u00bb. Le terme \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9fenseur\u00b7e des droits humains\u00a0\u00bb est de plus en plus employ\u00e9 depuis l\u2019adoption de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/fr\/issues\/srhrdefenders\/pages\/declaration.aspx\">D\u00e9claration sur les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains en 1998<\/a>.<\/p><p>Nous consid\u00e9rons cependant qu\u2019il est important de replacer les DDH et leur contexte dans la dimension collective inh\u00e9rente \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense des droits humains. Comme l\u2019\u00e9nonce la Commission interam\u00e9ricaine des droits de l\u2019homme, <em>\u00ab\u00a0les d\u00e9fenseur\u00b7e\u00b7s des droits humains englobent aussi les leaders syndicaux, les repr\u00e9sentants paysans et communautaires, les leaders des peuples autochtones et d\u2019ascendance africaine, qui m\u00e8nent des activit\u00e9s pour revendiquer et promouvoir les droits de leurs populations respectives\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> (CIDH, 2006).<\/p><p>Les d\u00e9fenseur\u00b7e\u00b7s des droits humains exercent leur droit de d\u00e9fendre les droits de nombreuses fa\u00e7ons diff\u00e9rentes. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019ils font, par exemple, lorsqu\u2019ils\u00b7elles font usage de leur droit de r\u00e9union et d\u2019association pour organiser des actions collectives autour de la d\u00e9fense des droits, ou de leur droit de manifester et de protester pacifiquement, ou encore de leur libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression afin de diffuser des informations, lancer des campagnes ou d\u00e9noncer publiquement les acteurs qui violent les droits.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bd67d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bd67d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;879b7f0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f8f828\" data-id=\"6f8f828\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee78768 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee78768\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;879b7f0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdc29a2\" data-id=\"fdc29a2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acd8565 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"acd8565\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le droit de d\u00e9fendre les droits englobe entre autres\u00a0:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d77560 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"1d77560\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Le droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et d\u2019opinion, <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Le droit de r\u00e9union et de manifestation, <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Le droit de constituer des associations et des ONG, <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Le droit de recueillir et diffuser des informations sur les droits humains, <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Le droit de d\u00e9noncer des politiques et actions violant les droits humains, <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Le droit de solliciter, recevoir et utiliser des ressources aux fins de protection des droits humains (y compris des financements re\u00e7us de l\u2019\u00e9tranger).<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2378aaa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2378aaa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;879b7f0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f75c502\" data-id=\"f75c502\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd7810d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bd7810d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">EN QUOI LES D\u00c9FENSEUR\u00b7E\u00b7S DES DROITS HUMAINS ONT-ILS\u00b7ELLES DROIT \u00c0 UNE PROTECTION ?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43365e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43365e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans de nombreux contextes, exercer le droit de d\u00e9fendre les droits est un choix dangereux. Beaucoup de d\u00e9fenseur\u00b7e\u00b7s dans le monde subissent harc\u00e8lements, criminalisation, menaces et agressions \u00e0 cause de leur engagement en faveur de la d\u00e9fense des droits humains. Lorsqu\u2019ils d\u00e9noncent les atteintes aux droits humains et violations, les d\u00e9fenseur\u00b7e\u00b7s s\u2019exposent aussi souvent \u00e0 des risques et menaces suppl\u00e9mentaires. Par cons\u00e9quent, leurs droits peuvent \u00eatre gravement viol\u00e9s \u2013 non seulement leur droit de d\u00e9fendre les droits, mais aussi leurs droits fondamentaux comme le droit \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de leur personne, la libert\u00e9 de d\u00e9placement et le droit \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e.<\/p><p>Nous avons tous droit \u00e0 un environnement s\u00fbr o\u00f9 nous pouvons d\u00e9fendre les droits sans crainte des harc\u00e8lements, menaces et agressions. Si les d\u00e9fenseur\u00b7e\u00b7s des droits humains ne sont ni reconnu\u00b7e\u00b7s ni prot\u00e9g\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s, alors ce sont les droits humains de tous qui en seront n\u00e9gativement affect\u00e9s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-713d287 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"713d287\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;879b7f0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dea03de\" data-id=\"dea03de\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d43ce8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d43ce8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">QUEL EST LE R\u00d4LE DES \u00c9TATS DANS LA PROTECTION DES D\u00c9FENSEUR\u00b7E\u00b7S DES DROITS HUMAINS ?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18dfce2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18dfce2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les \u00c9tats doivent respecter les droits humains, les prot\u00e9ger et r\u00e9aliser leurs obligations envers ces droits. Cela implique notamment le devoir de prot\u00e9ger le droit de d\u00e9fendre les droits humains et les droits distincts que celui-ci englobe (entre autres la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, le droit de r\u00e9union, le droit de manifester, le droit d\u2019association et le droit de diffuser des informations).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4507d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4507d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Les \u00c9tats ont l\u2019obligation de\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c751377 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c751377\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Garantir un ENVIRONNEMENT S\u00dbR pour l\u2019exercice du droit de d\u00e9fendre les droits humains<\/strong> en adoptant des mesures, notamment l\u00e9gislatives et administratives, qui cr\u00e9ent un cadre l\u00e9gal propice au libre exercice des droits.<\/p><p><strong>Apporter une R\u00c9PONSE EFFICACE qui pr\u00e9vient et p\u00e9nalise les agressions. <\/strong>\u00c0 ces fins, les \u00c9tats devraient adopter les mesures et m\u00e9canismes n\u00e9cessaires pour garantir la protection de toutes les personnes qui, alors qu\u2019elles exercent leur droit l\u00e9gitime de d\u00e9fendre les droits, sont victimes de menaces, de repr\u00e9sailles ou de discriminations \u2013 que ces attaques proviennent d\u2019acteurs \u00e9tatiques ou de particuliers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9cc93a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9cc93a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u2019apr\u00e8s la Commission interam\u00e9ricaine des droits de l\u2019homme, les \u00c9tats doivent notamment agir vis-\u00e0-vis des DDH de fa\u00e7on \u00e0\u00a0:<\/p><ul><li>apporter les moyens n\u00e9cessaires pour que celles et ceux qui d\u00e9fendent les droits humains puissent mener librement leurs activit\u00e9s.<\/li><li>les prot\u00e9ger lorsqu\u2019ils\u00b7elles subissent des menaces, afin d\u2019emp\u00eacher que l\u2019on tente de porter atteinte \u00e0 leur vie ou \u00e0 leur int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique.<\/li><li>s\u2019abstenir de cr\u00e9er des obstacles \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation de leur travail.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d3aca13 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d3aca13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;879b7f0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f1a909\" data-id=\"6f1a909\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93bacc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"93bacc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">QU\u2019EST-CE QU\u2019UNE POLITIQUE PUBLIQUE POUR LA PROTECTION DU DROIT \u00c0 D\u00c9FENDRE LES DROITS HUMAINS ?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c473c7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c473c7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;879b7f0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b9b9702\" data-id=\"b9b9702\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cb426a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8cb426a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Une \u00ab politique publique pour la protection du droit de d\u00e9fendre les droits humains \u00bb (que nous abr\u00e9gerons en \u00ab politique de protection \u00bb) est un ensemble de lois, m\u00e9canismes et actions institutionnelles qui mettent en place et coordonnent des actions concr\u00e8tes permettant aux autorit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9tat de favoriser et prot\u00e9ger les individus et groupes d\u00e9fendant les droits humains. <strong>Le principe cl\u00e9 de ce type de politique publique devrait \u00eatre de ne pas consid\u00e9rer les DDH seulement comme des \u00ab\u00a0objets de protection\u00a0\u00bb, mais comme des \u00ab\u00a0sujets de droits\u00a0\u00bb.<\/strong> Partant de ce principe, il en d\u00e9coule que le principal objectif d\u2019une politique publique ne devrait pas \u00eatre de simplement r\u00e9agir aux attaques et aux agressions, mais devrait avoir une port\u00e9e plus large\u00a0: permettre le libre exercice du droit de toute personne de d\u00e9fendre les droits humains, garantir le droit de chacun\u00b7e d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9fenseur\u00b7e des droits humains.<\/p><p>Une politique publique devrait donc aspirer \u00e0 traiter les causes profondes de la violence \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des DDH (pr\u00e9venir la stigmatisation, cr\u00e9er un environnement favorable, apporter un espace ouvert pour leurs activit\u00e9s, \u00e9liminer les obstacles), au lieu de simplement s\u2019occuper de \u00ab\u00a0la partie \u00e9merg\u00e9e de l\u2019iceberg\u00a0\u00bb (r\u00e9agir lorsque les attaques se produisent).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4646bd8\" data-id=\"4646bd8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2456d2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2456d2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Focus-Iceberg-FR-2.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Focus Iceberg FR\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc2OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mb2N1cy1vYnMub3JnXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wNVwvRm9jdXMtSWNlYmVyZy1GUi0yLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"244\" src=\"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Focus-Iceberg-FR-2-300x244.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1768\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Focus-Iceberg-FR-2-300x244.png 300w, https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Focus-Iceberg-FR-2-1024x833.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Focus-Iceberg-FR-2-768x624.png 768w, https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Focus-Iceberg-FR-2.png 1107w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-058c213 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"058c213\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;879b7f0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5746510\" data-id=\"5746510\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c1220f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c1220f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019ensemble de lois, m\u00e9canismes et actions institutionnelles composant une politique publique devrait se fonder sur la D\u00e9claration des Nations Unies sur les d\u00e9fenseur\u00b7e\u00b7s et int\u00e9grer les normes fournies par les rapports, r\u00e9solutions et d\u00e9clarations \u00e9mises par les diverses instances internationales et r\u00e9gionales.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-119771c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"119771c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;879b7f0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9b5f8c\" data-id=\"a9b5f8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0f8fd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0f8fd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Une politique publique prot\u00e9geant le droit de d\u00e9fendre les droits humains devrait comporter\u00a0les actions suivantes\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70eeef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70eeef9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Pr\u00e9venir\u00a0: <\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Les agressions envers la vie et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique des DDH<\/li><li>Les actes d\u2019agression commis \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des DDH par des acteurs non \u00e9tatiques (secteur priv\u00e9, crime organis\u00e9, etc.)<\/li><li>Les violations du droit de r\u00e9union et d\u2019association, de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et de d\u00e9placement des DDH<\/li><li>La diffamation et la stigmatisation des DDH et de leurs groupes<\/li><li>La d\u00e9tention arbitraire et la criminalisation des DDH<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Suivre, documenter et analyser\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Les violations et atteintes envers les DDH, en identifiant les groupes particuli\u00e8rement en danger<\/li><li>Les risques suppl\u00e9mentaires auxquels font face les DDH \u00e0 cause de leur genre<\/li><li>La discrimination active envers certaines fractions de la population, en particulier en raison de leurs activit\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense des droits humains<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u00c9liminer\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Les lois restrictives qui criminalisent et entravent le droit de d\u00e9fendre les droits humains (r\u00e9union pacifique, libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, consultation et diffusion d\u2019informations)<\/li><li>Les lois restrictives r\u00e9gissant les ONG qui les emp\u00eachent d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux financements et leur imposent d\u2019autres restrictions administratives et financi\u00e8res injustifi\u00e9es<\/li><li>Les obstacles \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux droits et services existants dans le cadre des politiques publiques (en raison du genre, de la langue, de l\u2019isolement g\u00e9ographique)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u00c9valuer et coordonner\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Les r\u00e9sultats attendus, compar\u00e9s aux r\u00e9sultats r\u00e9els, des mesures et actions adopt\u00e9es gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la politique publique mise en place<\/li><li>Des moyens efficaces et transparents permettant d\u2019\u00e9valuer le degr\u00e9 de risque qu\u2019affrontent les DDH<\/li><\/ul><p>La collaboration entre institutions, surtout renfor\u00e7ant le r\u00f4le des Institutions nationales de d\u00e9fense des droits humains (INDH)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e215a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e215a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;879b7f0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-86a4d37\" data-id=\"86a4d37\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29b4438 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29b4438\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00c9laboration de normes par la Cour interam\u00e9ricaine des droits de l\u2019homme (Cour IDH)<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e214089 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e214089\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019obligation incombant aux \u00c9tats de prot\u00e9ger les DDH a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnue \u00e0 la fois par la Commission interam\u00e9ricaine des droits de l\u2019homme (CIDH) ainsi qu\u2019 \u00e0 travers la jurisprudence de la Cour interam\u00e9ricaine des droits de l\u2019homme (Cour IDH). Se fondant sur l\u2019avis d\u2019experts de Protection International dans deux affaires embl\u00e9matiques, l\u2019une contre l\u2019\u00c9tat du Honduras, l\u2019autre contre celui du Guatemala, les jugements de la Cour IDH ont apport\u00e9 une orientation sur au moins sept exigences minimales en vue des politiques publiques de protection des DDH\u00a0:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81fd629 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"81fd629\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Circles-FR-1-1024x576.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2091\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Circles-FR-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Circles-FR-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Circles-FR-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Circles-FR-1-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Circles-FR-1.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50abf03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50abf03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les politiques publiques en faveur de la protection des DDH devraient\u00a0:<\/p><ul><li>Garantir que les DDH, organisations et experts de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile participent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration des normes et des programmes visant \u00e0 leur apporter une protection.<\/li><li>Cr\u00e9er des programmes de protection dot\u00e9s d\u2019une approche int\u00e9grale et inter-institutionnelle, tout en veillant \u00e0 ce que des mesures de protection imm\u00e9diates soient prises au moment o\u00f9 les DDH fournissent des informations aux autorit\u00e9s.<\/li><li>Adopter un mod\u00e8le d\u2019analyse des risques afin de d\u00e9terminer correctement le risque et les besoins de protection de chaque DDH ou groupe.<\/li><li>Cr\u00e9er un syst\u00e8me de gestion de l\u2019information sur le statut des mesures de pr\u00e9vention et de protection destin\u00e9es aux DDH.<\/li><li>Veiller \u00e0 ce que les plans de protection traitent des risques sp\u00e9cifiques des DDH et des caract\u00e9ristiques de leur travail.<\/li><li>Promouvoir une culture de l\u00e9gitimation et de protection du travail des DDH.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2600a89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2600a89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;879b7f0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-aebc96a\" data-id=\"aebc96a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6807e3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6807e3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9L\u00c9MENTS CL\u00c9S POUR B\u00c2TIR UNE POLITIQUE PUBLIQUE DE PROTECTION EXHAUSTIVE <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fc95d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7fc95d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les politiques publiques de protection des DDH devraient aspirer \u00e0 \u00e9liminer les facteurs qui limitent l\u2019exercice du droit de d\u00e9fendre les droits humains. Comment en viennent-elles \u00e0 \u00eatre inscrites \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du jour d\u2019un gouvernement donn\u00e9\u00a0? Qui d\u00e9finit la dimension des probl\u00e8mes en question et comment\u00a0? Comment sont d\u00e9cid\u00e9s les aspects particuliers qui doivent \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 une politique de ce type\u00a0?<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>La conjonction de plusieurs facteurs peut d\u00e9terminer si les probl\u00e8mes entravant le droit de d\u00e9fendre les droits humains sont inscrits ou non \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du jour politique. Ces facteurs sont notamment\u00a0:<\/p><ul><li>Un contexte clairement mena\u00e7ant.<\/li><li>L\u2019existence de r\u00e9seaux (formels ou informels, impliquant des organisations DDH).<\/li><li>Les entr\u00e9es des DDH aupr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cideur\u00b7se\u00b7s et le degr\u00e9 d\u2019ouverture du gouvernement.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>Une fois que ces facteurs sont pr\u00e9sents sous une forme ou une autre dans un pays donn\u00e9, un d\u00e9bat sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une politique publique pour prot\u00e9ger les DDH est susceptible d\u2019\u00e9merger.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f426dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f426dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Afin d\u2019augmenter la probabilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9ussite, la feuille de route pour l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019une politique publique efficace devrait comporter les \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c46182 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c46182\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Consolidation de la volont\u00e9 politique<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a71a81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a71a81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Puisqu\u2019il s\u2019agira d\u2019un processus entrepris par le gouvernement, tou\u00b7te\u00b7s les repr\u00e9sentant\u00b7e\u00b7s de l\u2019\u00c9tat concern\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s devront \u00eatre impliqu\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s dans le processus d\u2019adoption d\u2019une politique de protection.<\/p><p>Toutes les autorit\u00e9s cl\u00e9s et les acteurs \u00e9tatiques impliqu\u00e9s dans la protection des DDH doivent prendre part au d\u00e9bat. De cette fa\u00e7on, il est possible de s\u2019assurer que toutes les parties prenantes cl\u00e9s aient une analyse partag\u00e9e du probl\u00e8me, s\u2019entendent sur qui est responsable de quoi et disposent d\u2019un espace commun pour trouver des solutions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae668f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae668f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Assurance de la participation des DDH et des acteurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bba277 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3bba277\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La participation de DDH et d\u2019autres acteurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile au processus d\u2019\u00e9laboration de politiques de protection doit \u00eatre r\u00e9elle, effective et volontaire. Elle doit r\u00e9unir toutes les cat\u00e9gories de DDH d\u2019un pays donn\u00e9. Cette inclusion devra \u00eatre assur\u00e9e en facilitant la participation des groupes historiquement marginalis\u00e9s, des groupes discrimin\u00e9s ainsi que des communaut\u00e9s des zones rurales ou isol\u00e9es. La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des participants doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une priorit\u00e9 tout au long du processus.<\/p><p>La mise en place de la politique publique devrait \u00eatre l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de b\u00e2tir une r\u00e9elle <em>gouvernance en r\u00e9seau,<\/em> ce qui permet d\u2019ouvrir des espaces en vue de la participation afin de parvenir \u00e0 un degr\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 de consensus sur des objectifs communs. La politique publique devrait alors \u00eatre construite sur la base des interactions et des n\u00e9gociations entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs impliqu\u00e9s, ce qui garantira l\u2019inclusion de toutes les perspectives et tous les int\u00e9r\u00eats pr\u00e9sents.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a5a667 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a5a667\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>D\u00e9finition du probl\u00e8me d\u2019un point de vue structurel<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-675b68a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"675b68a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Il est tr\u00e8s important d\u2019\u00e9viter les approches r\u00e9ductrices au moment de d\u00e9finir l\u2019objectif de la politique publique, qui ne devra pas se contenter de r\u00e9agir aux agressions commises \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des DDH. Une politique publique exhaustive devrait comporter une analyse des causes profondes des agressions envers les DDH, telles que le crime organis\u00e9, les entreprises \u00e9conomiquement puissantes, ou encore le client\u00e9lisme et la capture r\u00e8glementaire au sein de l\u2019\u00c9tat.<\/p><p>La protection des DDH exige que les parties prenantes cl\u00e9s traitent les violences structurelles qu\u2019ils\u00b7elles affrontent en adoptant une approche <em>intersectionnelle<\/em>. Cette approche doit envisager les multiples mani\u00e8res dont les divers statuts d\u2019un\u00b7e DDH, entre autres son sexe, son identit\u00e9 et orientation sexuelles, son identit\u00e9 ethnique, sa caste, sa couleur de peau, son lieu d\u2019origine, ses opinions politiques ou croyances religieuses, ses handicaps, son statut socio\u00e9conomique ou marital, son identit\u00e9 de genre, ses conditions professionnelles, son statut migratoire, son \u00e9tat de pauvret\u00e9, son \u00e2ge ou son \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9, se recoupent mutuellement et influencent les risques qu\u2019il\u00b7elle court. Il est particuli\u00e8rement important de tenir compte de l\u2019impact de situations anciennes de discrimination ou de violence \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de certains groupes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baca078 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"baca078\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Maintien d\u2019une d\u00e9finition des DDH large et inclusive<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6536551 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6536551\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00ab\u00a0D\u00e9fenseur\u00b7e des droits humains\u00a0\u00bb, ou DDH, est un terme abstrait qui peut se combiner \u00e0 d\u2019autres identit\u00e9s \u2013 par exemple femme, paysan\u00b7ne, personne instruite ou illettr\u00e9e, jeune ou vieille, urbaine ou rurale, etc. Les DDH vivent dans des situations et r\u00e9alit\u00e9s diverses qui conditionnent leurs exp\u00e9riences.<\/p><p>Il est important que les politiques publiques tiennent compte de cette complexit\u00e9 et int\u00e8grent les aspects cruciaux que sont le genre et l\u2019intersectionnalit\u00e9, les multiples points de vue existant au sujet des DDH ainsi que la diversit\u00e9 des identit\u00e9s \u2013 DDH, syndicaliste et paysan, par exemple\u00a0\u2013 qu\u2019ils\u00b7elles peuvent avoir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cce681 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cce681\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Inclusion d\u2019une analyse des agresseurs <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd4c74f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd4c74f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les politiques de protection ne devraient pas \u00eatre ax\u00e9es uniquement sur les individus DDH, comme s\u2019il s\u2019agissait de personnes agissant isol\u00e9ment des autres acteurs sociaux. Il faut porter l\u2019attention sur les agresseurs r\u00e9els ou potentiels, qui restent trop souvent \u00ab\u00a0hors champ\u00a0\u00bb alors que ce sont des acteurs importants. Si l\u2019on veut traiter correctement de la question de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des DDH, alors la perspective et les actions de l\u2019agresseur doivent \u00eatre analys\u00e9es et prises en compte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Politiques publiques pour le droits de d\u00e9fendre les droits humains: \u00e9l\u00e9ments cl\u00e9s \u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Chacun a le droit, individuellement ou en association avec d\u2019autres, de promouvoir la protection et la r\u00e9alisation des droits de l\u2019homme et des libert\u00e9s fondamentales aux niveaux national et international. \u00bb &#8211; D\u00e9claration sur le droit et la responsabilit\u00e9 des individus, groupes et [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4191,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1225","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1225"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9939,"href":"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1225\/revisions\/9939"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.focus-obs.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}