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<\/figure>\n\n\n\nDans le pr\u00e9sent rapport, soumis au Conseil des droits de l’homme conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 ses r\u00e9solutions 17\/4, 26\/22, 35\/7 et 44\/15, le Groupe de travail sur la question des droits de l’homme et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s transnationales et autres entreprises commerciales met en lumi\u00e8re la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de traiter de l’impact n\u00e9gatif des activit\u00e9s commerciales sur les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme. Il expose aux \u00c9tats et aux entreprises les implications normatives et pratiques des Principes directeurs relatifs aux entreprises et aux droits de l’homme en ce qui concerne la protection et le respect du travail vital des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Contexte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Les menaces pesant sur les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme et sur les libert\u00e9s civiques sont des pr\u00e9occupations croissantes \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle mondiale. Un grand nombre de d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme sont menac\u00e9s et attaqu\u00e9s parce qu’ils soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations concernant les impacts n\u00e9gatifs des op\u00e9rations commerciales sur les droits de l’homme, souvent dans le contexte de grands projets de d\u00e9veloppement qui affectent l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre et aux moyens de subsistance. Parall\u00e8lement, l’espace pour que les acteurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile soul\u00e8vent des pr\u00e9occupations concernant les impacts sur les droits de l’homme se r\u00e9duit, et les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme font l’objet de criminalisation lorsqu’ils participent \u00e0 des manifestations publiques ou \u00e0 des dissensions civiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Des inqui\u00e9tudes sont soulev\u00e9es concernant le r\u00f4le des entreprises dans la contribution aux attaques contre les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme ou dans l’absence de mesures contre de telles attaques. Des questions sont \u00e9galement pos\u00e9es sur le r\u00f4le des entreprises dans la protection des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme et de l’espace civique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les \u00c9tats ont l’obligation premi\u00e8re de garantir les droits et la protection des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme, comme le pr\u00e9voient divers instruments de droits de l’homme, en particulier la D\u00e9claration des Nations unies sur les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme, et comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 dans de nombreuses r\u00e9solutions du Conseil des droits de l’homme de l’ONU et de l’Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L’importance des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme dans le contexte des impacts li\u00e9s aux activit\u00e9s commerciales sur les droits de l’homme est reconnue par les Principes directeurs de l’ONU relatifs aux entreprises et aux droits de l’homme. Ils soulignent le r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 que les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme peuvent jouer dans la diligence raisonnable en mati\u00e8re de droits de l’homme et permettent aux entreprises de comprendre les pr\u00e9occupations des parties prenantes affect\u00e9es. En particulier, les Principes directeurs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Il est urgent que les entreprises consultent les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme en tant que ressource experte importante dans le cadre de leur diligence raisonnable en mati\u00e8re de droits de l’homme, car les d\u00e9fenseurs jouent un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 en tant que gardiens, d\u00e9fenseurs et voix des parties prenantes affect\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Il est urgent que les \u00c9tats veillent \u00e0 ce que les activit\u00e9s l\u00e9gitimes des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits de l’homme ne soient pas entrav\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"template":"","document-original-language":[351],"authorship":[151],"type-of-document":[445],"progress":[],"location":[215],"class_list":["post-11819","documents","type-documents","status-publish","hentry","document-original-language-en-fr","authorship-organismes-internationaux","type-of-document-outils-pour-les-decideurs-politiques","location-international"],"yoast_head":"\n
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